Dysmenorrhea and its relationship with body mass index among female adolescents in hamadan, iran. It is the most commonly reported menstrual disorder in women. No 2 n december 2015 primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents to 25%, besides the. A formula was established for pain sensation scale to indicate mild, moderate and severe pain of the primary dysmenorrhea. Comparison of the effects of reflexology and massage. Sep 23, 2019 dysmenorrhea refers to the symptom of painful menstruation. Dysmenorrhea refers to pain and cramping during menses that, when severe, may interfere with normal functioning. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. Reduce period pain with seaweed biosea health dsymenorrhea.
A cross sectional study prashant naik 1, aashka shailesh tanna 2, priyanka nareshkumar mudaliar 3, asmita damodar tari 4. Issn 23211822 1012 original article variations of dysmenorrhea during stress and non stress condition in college going girls in belgaum city. Jan 27, 20 biomarkers of primary dysmenorrhea and herbal formula intervention. It is the most common menstrual complaint, with 50%90% of women worldwide reporting painful menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is considered primary in the absence of underlying pathology. The positive effects of zinc supplements on the improvement. International journal of physiotherapy and research, original. Most women begin having dysmenorrhea during adolescence, usually within four to five years of the first menstrual period. Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea amimi s.
This resulted in data on soy formula feeding being available for 1553 self participants 198 ever fed soy formula, 55 never fed soy formula, among whom 89% had the assistance of mothers when completing the questionnaire. Forty women with primary dysmenorrhea symptoms were randomized into two groups. Effectiveness of japanese kampo treatment in dysmenorrhea. Copyright january 2015 by the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists. Therefore, dysmenorrhea can be defined as a bothersome or painful monthly menstrual flow. Herbal medicine shaofu zhuyu decoction for primary. Article pdf available in journal of family medicine and primary care 43. The efficacy of thai herbal prasaplai formula for treatment. Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea american. All patients were treated with either of the two formulastokishakuyakusan or keishibukuryogan. Dysmenorrhea can be classified as either primary or secondary based on the absence or presence of an underlying cause.
Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of recurrent shortterm school absence in adolescent girls and a common problem in women of reproductive age. Dysmenorrhea, one of the most frequently encountered gynecologic disorders, refers to painful menstruation. Jmrh this supplement did not affect the duration of menstruation or the interval between menstrual cycles. Diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea is mostly clinical and ultrasonography may be useful to detect or to rule out secondary dysmenorrhea. International journal of physiotherapy and research. In the past, nonspecific treatments such as heat and exercise were found to be less effective. Prashant naik 1, aashka shailesh tanna 2, priyanka nareshkumar mudaliar 3, asmita damodar tari 4. Soybased infant formula feeding and menstrual pain in a. Animal study on primary dysmenorrhoea treatment at different. They seem to accept dysmenorrhea as part of the physiological process of the transition between adolescence and adulthood, which reflects a lack of information about primary dysmenorrhea. This formula used pain severity as respondent interpretation, allina health scale as pain confirmation, and type of medications multiplied by the frequency as measurable criteria. This observational study included primary and secondary dysmenorrhea patients who were firsttime visitors to the kampo clinic at keio university hospital, between may 2008 and december 2015.
Nazarpour, 2010, omidvar and begum, 2012, ortiz, 2010, polat et al. Ds are considered as a standard treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. Xuefu zhuyudecoction xzd or hyeolbuchukeotang, a traditional herbal formula, has been used as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea. Introduction gyejibongneyonghwan gbh, also known as guizhi fuling formula, and is widely used for uterine fibroids in east asian countries.
Researching primary dysmenorrhea helps to focus on the treatment plan. In 6090% of adolescent girls in india, dysmenorrhea is. The difference between the two representative kampo. Dysmenorrhea is the common gynaecological problem in reproductiveaged women. Primary dysmenorrhoea occurs in young females in the absence of any. Dysmenorrhea is more common in working women and in women who scored higher on the hassle scale, which is a measure of the stresses or difficulties experienced. We searched the following databases in january 2015. Secondary dysmenorrhea, occurring in the remaining 10% cases, is lateronset and associated with welldefined pelvic pathologies, mainly endometriosis and obstructive genital anomalies. Pain associated with menstruation is called dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as a crampy pain in the lower abdomen before or during the menstrual period in the absence of any pelvic pathology.
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Dysmenorrhea period pain is common and affects around three. Herbal medicines can be used alone to prevent and treat primary dysmenorrhea or used to augment other therapies nutritional, hydrotherapy, andor pharmaceutical. Dysmenorrhea may begin soon after menarche, where it often improves with age, or it may originate later in life after the onset of an underlying causative condition. Introduction menstruation is a natural phenomenon in women after puberty and is often associated with dysmenorrhea. This study conducted among female students of the tamale campus of the university for development studies assessed the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, its impact on the students and treatment methods applied. Primary dysmenorrhea occurs without an associated underlying condition, while secondary dysmenorrhea has a specific underlying cause, typically a condition that affects the uterus or other reproductive organs. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and predictors of its pain intensity.
Dysmenorrhoea is painful cramping, usually in the lower abdomen, which occurs shortly before or during menstruation, or both. Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint in adolescent and young females. Dysmenorrhea is an important health problem of adolescents in school, as well as health practitioners, that badly affects the daily activities and quality of life. Many clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of gbh formula for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea have been reported.
A crosssectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, impact on school attendance, academic performance, social activities and knowledge of treatment among thai female adolescents and it was concluded that the prevalence of dysmenorrheal were 84. Using a targeted tandem mass spectrometry msmsbased metabolomic platform, we explored the changes of metabolic profiling. Acog patient education faqs provide easytounderstand information on common womens health topics. Abstract herbal medicines can be used alone to prevent and treat primary dysmenorrhea or used to augment other therapies nutritional, hydrotherapy, andor pharmaceutical. Menstrual characteristics and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in.
Dysmenorrhea is more common during mid and late adolescence. The pain of dysmenorrhea is crampy and usually located in lower abdomen above the pubic bone the suprapubic region. This study aims to compare the efficacy of pain relief between a specific thai herbal prasaplai formula ppf and placebo in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. This study aimed to compare the effects of reflexology and massage therapy on pain intensity, pain duration, and anxiety level resulting from primary dysmenorrhea. It is one of the most common gynecologic complaints in young women who present to clinicians. Prevalence, impact, and management practice of dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea definition of primary dysmenorrhea. Liu p1, duan j, wang p, qian d, guo j, shang e, su s, tang y, tang z.
Painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of shaofu zhuyu sfzy decoctions as treatments for primary dysmenorrhea. William schwert, 2002 2015 2 lydia pinkhams original formula source. Zhitong fang jqf prescription is a typical and relatively simple tcm formula.
Herbs a covered include viburnum opulus cramp bark and v. The researchers estimated the sample size using raosoft calculator assuming a response rate of 50% and a confidence level of 95%. Life root is a traditional uterine tonic, diuretic, antiinfla mmatory, and emmenagogue used for amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea. Recent advances in its etiology and pathogenesis are providing more speculative hypotheses focused on integral systems. The period of menstruation is an eventful one for a significant number of postpubescent females as they experience lower abdominal pains referred to as dysmenorrhea. In kampo medicine, two different formulas are effective for treating dysmenorrheatokishakuyakusan and keishibukuryogan. Patients who were treated with both formulas were excluded.
The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was studied in a random sample of 19yearold women from an urban swedish population. Introduction primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without pelvic pathology and is the most common gynaecological condition in women. Osayande, md, and suarna mehulic, md, university of texas southwestern medical center, dallas, texas d ysmenorrhea, defined as painful. Primary dysmenorrhea begins with the first ovulatory cycles in women under age 20, and in most women resolves or subsides by age 30, with the onset of sexual activity, or with childbirth. Cochrane menstrual disorders and subfertility group. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and to determine the factors associated with its intensity.
Journal of basic and clinical reproductive sciences january june 2015 vol 4 issue 1 33 knowledge, attitude, and healthcareseeking behavior towards dysmenorrhea among female students of a private university in ogun state, nigeria adekunbi a farotimi, joyce esike, chinomso u nwozichi, tolulope d ojediran1, foluso o ojewole. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual cramps, which are caused by uterine contractions. Although a nationwide survey of dysmenorrhea was previously conducted in japan, the survey did not report on the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among teenagers osuga et al. It normally occurs around the time that menstruation begins, and symptoms typically last less than three days. Walidd score, a new tool to diagnose dysmenorrhea and. It is an extremely common and sometimes debilitating condition for women of reproductive age. Pdf dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition with. The experimental group received ppf capsules mg orally three times per day before meals for three days starting from the first day of menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. Mar 01, 2014 dysmenorrhea, defined as painful cramps that occur with menstruation, is the most common gynecologic problem in women of all ages and races,1 and one of the most common causes of pelvic pain. Dysmenorrhea is a painful menstrual cramp of uterine origin.
Can be debilitating and present with severe symptoms requiring absenteeism from work and school. If it contracts too strongly during your menstrual cycle, it can press against nearby blood vessels. Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent debilitating problems in reproductive ages. Walidd score, a new tool to diagnose dysmenorrhea and predict.
Menstrual cramps happen because of contractions in the uterus, or womb, which is a muscle. To study prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in young girls and to evaluate associated clinical markers of dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study is to assess the current published evidence regarding xzd as treatment for primary. Wenjing decoction is a wellaccepted traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in east asia, but its clinical effectiveness and risk have not been adequately assessed. Wikipedia pleurisy root is diaphoretic, antispasm odic, carminative, and antiinflammatory. The sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula using the assumption of. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students in. In secondary dysmenorrhea, the painful menstruation is accompanied by.
So health education on issues related to reproductive health should be incorporated early enough in the school curriculum with the involvement of the school personnel to prepare girls for menstruation and. A crosssectional study was done from april 06 to may 08. Dysmenorrhea is most common in women between the ages of 20 and 24 years, with most of the severe episodes occurring before 25 years of age. In india, prevalence of dysmenorrhea varies from 33% to 79. The 2015 fia formula one world championship was the 69th season of fia formula one motor racing. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents definition and treatment.
Age at menarche has been decreasing over the last several decades, and the current mean menarcheal age. Its prevalence is estimated at 50% of menstruating women and up to 90% of adolescents. Its molecular formula is c 17 h 14 f 3 n 3 o 2 s, and it has the following chemical structure. Assessment and evaluation of knowledge and impact of. A korean herb gyejibongneyonghwan or the guizhi fuling formula in chinese, is widely used to treat uterine fibroids in east asian countries including korea, china and japan but recent studies are underway to assess the efficacy and safety of the herbal formula for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea.
The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and assess its management practice among university of gondar students. Dysmenorrhea is the commonest cause of absenteeism among college going girls69. Dysmenorrhea, defined as painful cramps that occur with menstruation, is the most common gynecologic problem in women of all ages and races, 1 and one of the most common causes of pelvic pain. More than half of women who menstruate have pain for 12 days each month 1, 2. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact. It is the leading motherhood problem worldwide but there is limited evidence on the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in the study area as well in ethiopia. Onset is typically six to 12 months after menarche, with peak prevalence occurring in the late teens or early twenties. Metabolomic study of biochemical changes in the plasma and.
Ever feeding of soy formula was reported as dont know and missing for 37 and 8 participants, respectively. Primary dysmenorrhea is a womanhood problem around the world and negatively affects quality of life. Comparison of the effects of reflexology and massage therapy. So health education on issues related to reproductive health should be incorporated early enough in the school curriculum with the involvement of the school.
Pdf dysmenorrhea is called primary when there is no specific abnormality and secondary when the pain is caused by an. Painful menstruation, also known as dysmenorrhea, is one of the most common womens problems. Pdf menstrual characteristics and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, intensity, impact, and associated factors of primary dysmenorrhea among female students at gondar town preparatory school. Primary dysmenorrhea pd is characterized by painful menstrual cramps without any organic pathology and has a prevalence of up to 90% in adolescents. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to common menstrual cramps, while secondary dysmenorrhea results from a disorder in the reproductive organs.
The effects of zinc on primary dysmenorrhea sangestani g et al. Kampo medicine, a japanese traditional medicine, is a leading candidate in alternative medicine for treating dysmenorrhea. Epidemiological study on saudi women with mild, moderate. Primary dysmenorrhea definition of primary dysmenorrhea by. Biomarkers of primary dysmenorrhea and herbal formula. Dysmenorrhea painful menses primary dysmenorrhea is painful menses that is not related to any definable pelvic lesion. Pdf herbal medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Dysmenorrhea can be subdivided into primary and secondary based on whether a pelvic pathology can be identified as the cause with the former being more common than the latter among adolescents. Treatment approaches must address the pain and, for secondary dysmenorrhea, the underlying etiology. Walidd score, a new tool to diagnose dysmenorrhea and predict medical leave in university students anibal a teheran,1 luis gabriel pineros,2 fabian pulido,3 maria camila mejia guatibonza1 1research group complexus, 2research group gifvta, fundacion universitaria juan n corpas, 3university hospital san jose of bogota, bogota, colombia. We compared patients treated with tokishakuyakusan and those with keishibukuryogan and proposed a predictive model. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and factors associated. The high prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in this study showed that it was a common health complaint among young women. Secondary dysmenorrhea is the occurrence of the same symptoms in response to underlying pathology, such as endometriosis or adenomyosis. Sep 23, 2019 dysmenorrhea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. Secondary dysmen orrhea results from specific pelvic pathology. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Celecoxib is a white or almost white crystalline powder with a pka of about 11 sulfonamide moiety. Pdf the difference between the two representative kampo. This controlled clinical trial was conducted on 102 students with primary dysmenorrhea.